Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation (swelling, pain, redness, and warmth) in the joints and other tissues.


 

 

 

 

 

The inflammation can damage the joint tissue and bones, leading to pain, stiffness, and deformity. RA can affect any joint in the body, but it most commonly affects the hands, wrists, knees, feet, ankles, shoulders, and elbows.

 

 

Causes

The exact cause of RA is unknown, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with certain genes are more likely to develop RA, but these genes alone do not cause the disease. Environmental factors, such as smoking or exposure to certain viruses or bacteria, may also play a role.

Symptoms

The symptoms of RA can vary from person to person, but they may include:

  • Joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and tenderness
  • Fatigue
  • Loss of appetite
  • Low-grade fever
  • Joint deformity

Diagnosis

There is no single test that can diagnose RA. Doctors diagnose RA based on a person’s symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and blood tests. X-rays and other imaging tests may also be used to help diagnose RA and assess the damage to the joints.

 

 

Treatment

There is no cure for RA, but there are treatments that can help control the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Treatment for RA typically includes:

  • Medication: There are a number of medications that can help control the inflammation and pain of RA. These include pain relievers, corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic agents.
  • Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve joint function and flexibility, and reduce pain.
  • Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help people with RA learn to perform everyday tasks in ways that minimize stress on the joints.
  • Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged joints.

Living with RA

RA is a chronic disease, but it can be managed with treatment. People with RA can live full and productive lives. Here are some tips for living with RA:

  • See your doctor regularly for checkups.
  • Take your medications as prescribed by your doctor.
  • Get regular exercise.
  • Eat a healthy diet.
  • Get enough sleep.
  • Manage stress.
  • Join a support group.

If you have any concerns about RA, please see your doctor.