Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens bones, making them more likely to break. It affects millions of people around the world, especially older adults.

What happens in osteoporosis?

Bones are living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. In osteoporosis, this process is imbalanced. The body removes too much bone, or doesn’t make enough new bone, which leads to a decrease in bone density. This can make bones weak and brittle.

 

 

Symptoms of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis often doesn’t cause any symptoms until a bone breaks. However, some people may experience:

  • Back pain caused by fractured vertebrae
  • Loss of height over time
  • A stooped posture

Risk factors for osteoporosis

Several factors can increase your risk of osteoporosis, including:

  • Age: The risk of osteoporosis increases with age.
  • Sex: Women are more likely than men to develop osteoporosis. This is especially true after menopause, when estrogen levels decline.
  • Family history: Having a parent or sibling with osteoporosis increases your risk.
  • Body size: People with small, thin frames are more likely to develop osteoporosis.
  • Race: White and Asian people are at higher risk for osteoporosis than Black and Hispanic people.
  • Certain medical conditions: Some medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, can increase your risk of osteoporosis.
  • Lifestyle factors: Certain lifestyle factors, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a diet low in calcium and vitamin D, can increase your risk of osteoporosis.

Diagnosis of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is usually diagnosed with a bone density test. This test measures the mineral density of your bones. The lower your bone density, the higher your risk of fracture.

 

 

Treatment of osteoporosis

There is no cure for osteoporosis, but there are treatments that can help prevent fractures and strengthen your bones. These treatments include:

  • Medication: There are several medications available to treat osteoporosis, including bisphosphonates, denosumab, and parathyroid hormone therapy.
  • Lifestyle changes: Eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and quitting smoking can all help to improve bone health.
 

 

Prevention of osteoporosis

Several lifestyle changes can help to prevent osteoporosis, including:

  • Eating a healthy diet that is rich in calcium and vitamin D
  • Getting regular weight-bearing exercise
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Not smoking
  • Limiting alcohol consumption

If you are concerned about your risk of osteoporosis, talk to your doctor. They can help you determine your risk factors and recommend ways to prevent or treat the condition.